• November 28, 2025

Types Of Shipping Containers

Shipping containers come in a wide range of formats designed to support diverse cargo types and transport conditions. These intermodal containers are built for seamless movement across ships, trains, and trucks, making them essential to global logistics. From general freight to specialized goods, each container type serves a specific purpose based on how it's loaded, what it carries, and how it travels. This guide introduces the most common container types used in global logistics.
28 Nov
Different type of shipping containers serves different purposes. the red containers in the picture are general purpose container that do not require temperature control. The white reefer container, Refrigerated shipping containers have built-in cooling systems to maintain specific temperatures for temperature-sensitive cargo during transport.

Dry (General Purpose) Containers

Dry containers, often referred to as general purpose containers, are fully enclosed units designed to protect cargo from the external environment. They are the most commonly used container type for transporting goods that do not require temperature control or special handling.

this is a dry (general purpose) container. Most commonly used container type for transporting goods that do not require temperature control or special handling.

General purpose containers are widely available and compatible with standard handling and transport systems. Thanks to their availability and straightforward design, they are typically the most cost-effective option (see our container pricing guide to compare costs across different container types).

  • Available sizes: 10ft, 20ft, 20ft HC, 40ft, 40ft HC, 45ft HC, 48ft HC (NA), 53ft HC (NA)
  • Typical cargo: Dry goods, consumer products, electronics, textiles, packaged foods, non-perishables, general merchandise
  • Unique features: Fully enclosed, weatherproof, lockable double doors, stackable, forklift pockets
  • ISO type codes: 22G1 (20ft), 42G1 (40ft), 45G1 (45ft), 53G1 (53ft, NA spec)
  • Typical weight & volume characteristics:
    • Tare: ~4,400–9,500 lbs
    • Payload: ~55,000–65,000 lbs
    • Volume: ~530–3,180 cu ft
  • Common abbreviations and names: GP container, dry van, standard container, box container, freight box

High Cube Containers

High cube containers are similar in structure to standard dry containers but are built with extra height to increase internal volume. This design allows for more space without altering the container’s footprint, making them useful for certain types of bulky or lightweight cargo.

High cube containers are similar in structure to standard dry containers but are built with extra height to increase internal volume. This design allows for more space without altering the container’s footprint, making them useful for certain types of bulky or lightweight cargo.

High cube containers are commonly selected when volume capacity is more important than weight limits.

  • Available sizes: 40ft HC, 45ft HC, 48ft HC, 53ft HC (Rare: 20ft HC –  sometimes available for specific projects)
  • Typical cargo: Bulky lightweight goods, furniture, voluminous packaging, retail merchandise, oversized cartons
  • Unique features: Extra internal height (9’6”), more volume, ideal for stacking or tall items
  • ISO type codes: 45G1 (45ft HC), 42G1 (40ft HC), 53G1 (regional)
  • Typical weight & volume characteristics:
    • Tare: ~7,700–9,700 lbs
    • Payload: ~55,000–64,000 lbs
    • Volume: ~2,470–3,180 cu ft
  • Common abbreviations and names: HC container, high cube, tall container

Reefer Containers (Refrigerated)

Refrigerated containers, or reefers, are built with integrated systems that actively manage internal temperature. These containers are used to transport cargo that must remain within a specific temperature range throughout the journey.

Reefer containers

Reefer containers require access to a power source and are often used for perishable goods or temperature-sensitive materials.

  • Available sizes: 20ft Standard, 20ft HC (rare), 40ft Standard (less common), 40ft HC (most common)
  • Typical cargo: Frozen food, fresh produce, meat & seafood, pharmaceuticals, temperature-sensitive chemicals, flowers
  • Unique features: Active refrigeration, T-floor airflow, power connection, insulated panels
  • ISO type codes: 22R1 (20ft), 45R1 (40ft HC)
  • Typical weight & volume characteristics:
    • Tare: ~6,600–9,300 lbs
    • Payload: ~55,000–59,500 lbs
    • Volume: ~990–2,365 cu ft
  • Common abbreviations and names: Reefer, refrigerated container, cold box

Open top containers

Open top containers feature a removable cover instead of a solid roof, allowing goods to be loaded from above. This configuration is useful when cargo is too tall or irregularly shaped to fit through standard doors, or when it must be lifted into place by crane. A tarpaulin or similar material is typically used to secure and protect the load.

Open top containers feature a removable cover instead of a solid roof, allowing goods to be loaded from above
  • Available sizes: 20ft, 40ft Standard (Rare: 40ft HC – non-ISO custom builds)
  • Typical cargo: Heavy machinery, tall equipment, pipes, steel coils, glass panels, crane-loaded cargo, oversized items
  • Unique features: Open roof with removable bows/tarpaulin, rear doors, top loading
  • ISO type codes: 22U1 (20ft), 42U1 (40ft)
  • Typical weight & volume characteristics:
    • Tare: ~5,100–8,400 lbs
    • Payload: ~57,300–61,700 lbs
    • Volume: ~1,165–2,700 cu ft
  • Common abbreviations and names: OT container, open top, tarp-top container

Flat Rack Containers

Flat rack containers are designed with no side walls and only end frames, allowing for cargo to extend beyond the container’s width. They are well suited for transporting large or heavy equipment that cannot be loaded into enclosed containers. Items are typically secured directly to the base using straps or lashing equipment.

Flat rack containers are designed with no side walls and only end frames, allowing for cargo to extend beyond the container’s width. They are well suited for transporting large or heavy equipment that cannot be loaded into enclosed containers. Items are typically secured directly to the base using straps or lashing equipment.
  • Available sizes: 20ft, 40ft (Rare: 40ft HC, custom collapsible formats)
  • Typical cargo: Vehicles, construction equipment, heavy machinery, boats, yachts, industrial components, project cargo, oversized items
  • Unique features: No side walls, open top, fixed or collapsible ends, lashing rings
  • ISO type codes: 22P3 (20ft), 42P3 (40ft)
  • Typical weight & volume characteristics:
    • Tare: ~5,950–11,000 lbs
    • Payload: ~88,000 lbs (varies)
    • Volume: Open platform
  • Common abbreviations and names: Flat rack, FR container

Double Door (Tunnel) Containers

Double door containers have openings at both ends, enabling easier access and faster loading or unloading from either side. This design supports more flexible use in situations where quick turnaround or accessibility is important, such as for site storage or short-term logistics needs.

  • Available sizes: 10ft, 20ft, 40ft (Rare: 45ft, 40ft HC –  custom or modified units)
  • Typical cargo: Long cargo requiring through-loading, automotive parts, bundled materials, palletized goods, event equipment
  • Unique features: Doors on both ends, easy access, same capacity as GP
  • ISO type codes: 22G2 (20ft), 42G2 (40ft)
  • Typical weight & volume characteristics:
    • Tare: ~5,100–8,800 lbs
    • Payload: ~57,300–61,700 lbs
    • Volume: ~1,165–2,365 cu ft
  • Common abbreviations and names: Tunnel container, dual-door container

Open Side Containers

Open side containers have one or more side walls that can be fully opened, providing wider access to the cargo area. These containers are commonly used when items are too large to fit through end doors, or when more visibility and access is needed during loading and unloading.

Open side containers have one or more side walls that can be fully opened, providing wider access to the cargo area. These containers are commonly used when items are too large to fit through end doors, or when more visibility and access is needed during loading and unloading
  • Available sizes: 20ft, 40ft Standard (Rare: 40ft HC – limited supply, custom use)
  • Typical cargo: Wide/bulky items, palletized goods, machinery requiring side access, exhibition materials, bundled lumber
  • Unique features: Side-folding door panels, full-side access, easy loading
  • ISO type codes: Modified 22G1/42G1 with side-door spec
  • Typical weight & volume characteristics:
    • Tare: ~5,300–8,400 lbs
    • Payload: ~55,000–59,500 lbs
    • Volume: ~1,100–2,600 cu ft (slightly less than GP due to door framing)
  • Common abbreviations and names: Side access container, open side, FSA container

ISO Tank Containers

Tank containers are purpose-built for transporting bulk liquids, gases, or chemicals. They consist of a cylindrical tank supported within a standard container frame. These units must comply with safety and cleanliness standards relevant to the type of substance being transported, and they are commonly used across food, chemical, and energy industries.

Tank containers are purpose-built for transporting bulk liquids, gases, or chemicals. They consist of a cylindrical tank supported within a standard container frame. These units must comply with safety and cleanliness standards relevant to the type of substance being transported, and they are commonly used across food, chemical, and energy industries.
  • Available sizes: 20ft Standard frame only (Rare: 30ft, 40ft tanks – custom/chemical-specific)
  • Typical cargo: Bulk liquids, chemicals, fuels, oils, food-grade liquids (wine, juice, edible oils), hazardous materials
  • Unique features: Cylindrical tank inside steel frame, pressurized, sealed
  • ISO type codes: 22T6 (non-hazardous), 22T4 (hazardous), 22TN, 22TB
  • Typical weight & volume characteristics:
    • Tare: ~7,500–8,800 lbs
    • Payload: ~57,300 lbs
    • Volume: ~5,550–6,870 gallons
  • Common abbreviations and names: Tank container, ISO tank, bulk liquid tank

Insulated And Isothermal Containers

Insulated containers provide passive temperature protection without using mechanical cooling or heating. They help limit exposure to extreme temperatures during transit and are suitable for goods that do not require precise climate control but still benefit from a stable environment.

Insulated containers provide passive temperature protection without using mechanical cooling or heating. They help limit exposure to extreme temperatures during transit and are suitable for goods that do not require precise climate control but still benefit from a stable environment.
  • Available sizes: 20ft, 40ft (Rare: custom passive reefers, 10ft or HC builds)
  • Typical cargo: Food products, pharmaceuticals, climate-sensitive goods, chemicals requiring temperature stability
  • Unique features: Insulated panels, no active refrigeration, maintains internal temp
  • ISO type codes: 22H1, 42H1 (insulated variants)
  • Typical weight & volume characteristics:
    • Tare: ~5,500–8,400 lbs
    • Payload: ~55,000–59,500 lbs
    • Volume: ~1,165–2,700 cu ft
  • Common abbreviations and names: Thermal container, insulated ISO, passive reefer

Other Specialized Container Types

While the container types above are widely used, additional formats exist for specific applications.

Half-height containers

These are shorter containers designed to carry dense cargo that does not require full-height space. Their reduced profile allows for easier loading and unloading of heavy materials.

Car carrier containers

Car carrier containers are configured to safely transport vehicles. They may include internal fittings or supports that help secure one or more vehicles during transit.

Cargo storage roll containers

These are mobile containers designed for short-distance movement of goods, often used within warehouses or distribution centers.

Swap body containers

Swap bodies are used primarily in European intermodal transport. Unlike ISO containers, they are not always stackable and are optimized for road and rail use.

Intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) and drums

These containers are used for shipping smaller quantities of liquids or powders. They are often stackable and designed to be handled efficiently in storage and transport operations.

Radioactive and hazardous material containers

Specialized containers are built to transport hazardous or regulated materials safely. They comply with international standards for containment, labeling, and handling of dangerous goods.

ISO Codes And Container Abbreviations Explained

All shipping containers are marked using standardized ISO 6346 codes, which include the owner code, serial number, check digit, and type identifier. Abbreviations such as GP (general purpose), HC (high cube), RF (refrigerated), OT (open top), and TK (tank) help identify the container’s design and function at a glance.

Container Shipping Standards And Classifications

Shipping containers must meet international standards that support safety and compatibility across transport modes. These include ISO specifications for sizing and construction, CSC certification for structural integrity, and TIR and DNV classifications for specific transit and offshore requirements. These frameworks ensure containers can be used safely and consistently around the world.

Shipping Container Sizes

Shipping containers are produced in standardized sizes to streamline handling and logistics. Common lengths include 10-foot, 20-foot, 40-foot, and 45-foot units. These dimensions allow for predictable capacity planning and ensure compatibility with global shipping and transport infrastructure.

Container Usage Beyond Shipping

Beyond their original logistics function, shipping containers are widely adapted for alternative uses. They can be seen as storage units, temporary offices, emergency shelters, or modular structures for retail and housing. Their durability and modular design make them a popular choice for both commercial and personal projects.

If you’re considering a container for shipping or a custom application, read our guide on how to choose the right container to ensure it fits your project’s size, access, and handling needs.

Viva Containers: Shipping Containers For Your Needs

Viva Containers offers a full range of new and used containers, including general purpose standard, high cube, open side, and double door units. With reliable quality, fast nationwide delivery, and tailored solutions, Viva Container supports customers across industries and project types.

Contact us to request a custom quote based on your needs.

Frequently asked questions

There are over a dozen standard container types used in global logistics. These include general purpose (dry) containers, high cube containers, refrigerated (reefer) containers, flat racks, open tops, open side containers, double door containers, ISO tank containers, and insulated or thermal containers. In addition, there are specialized formats such as car carriers, half-height containers, cargo roll containers, swap bodies, and hazardous material containers.

General purpose (dry) containers are typically the most cost-effective option. Their simple design, high availability, and widespread use make them more affordable compared to specialized containers like reefers, tanks, or open-side units.

The most popular container type worldwide is the 20-foot or 40-foot general purpose container. These units are used across nearly every industry for transporting goods that don’t require temperature control or special handling.

The standard dry container – also referred to as a general purpose or GP container – is the most common type. It is fully enclosed, weatherproof, and suitable for most cargo that can be loaded through end doors.

ISO containers are built to international standards (ISO 668) that ensure uniform sizing, stacking, and transport compatibility across global shipping networks. Conex containers, originally developed for U.S. military use, may refer to similar steel containers but do not always conform to ISO standards. Today, “conex” is often used informally in North America to describe storage containers, whether or not they are ISO-compliant.

Picture of Viva Containers Team

Viva Containers Team

A team with over 30 years of combined experience in shipping container industry and a passion to share what we know. We are ready to provide you with all the information you need to buy the right container, maintain it well to ensure longevity, or customize it into a creative project.
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